Everything about Gelawdewos Of Ethiopia totally explained
Gelawdewos (
Ge'ez ገላውዴዎስ
galāwdēwōs, modern
gelāwdēwōs, "Claudius";
1521/
1522 -
March 23,
1559) was
nəgusä nägäst (throne name
Asnaf Sagad I (
Ge'ez አጽናፍ ሰገደ
aṣnāf sagad, modern
āṣnāf seged, "to whom the peaks bow";
September 3,
1540 - March 23, 1559) of
Ethiopia, and a member of the
Solomonic dynasty. He was a younger son of
Dawit II by
Sabla Wengel.
His reign was dominated by the struggle with
Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi during the
Abyssinian-Adal War, until Ahmad's defeat and death in the
Battle of Wayna Daga on
February 21,
1543. Gelawdewos devoted time and energy to rallying his people against Ahmad, a determination his chronicler credits prevented Ahmad's forcible conversions from being permanent. With Ahmad's death, Gelawdewos wasn't only able to eject the leaderless
Muslim forces from the
Ethiopian highlands, but also from the lowlands to the east which included
Dawaro and
Bale.
However, while campaigning against the
Agaw in
Gojjam (1548),
Nur ibn Mujahid once again invaded Ethiopia. Gelawedewos's vassal
Fanu'el succeeded in repulsing them, but the Emperor followed up with a further attack into Muslim territory, plundering the countryside for six months. At one point he captured
Harar, where Sultan
Barakat ibn Umar Din of
Adal was killed, the last member of the
Walasma dynasty.
Jesuit missionaries arrived in his realm, attempting to convert Ethiopia to
Catholicism. In response to their arguments, he wrote his
Confession, which defended the
Miaphysite doctrine of the
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. According to Richard Pankhurst, Gelawdewos'
Confession helped his fellow Ethiopian Christians to remain "steadfast in their adherence to
Sabbath observance,
circumcision, and the prohibition against pork and other 'unclean' foods."
Ethiopia's access to the outside world was severely crippled during his reign in
1557, when the
Ottoman Empire conquered
Massawa. From that point forward, dignitaries and missionaries to Ethiopia had to travel in disguise to avoid
Muslim authorities. This also allowed the Ottomans to block the Ethiopians from importing
firearms.
According to a Harari chronicle, Gelawdewos was killed in battle. "Early in the engagement Galawdéwos was hit by a bullet, but continued to fight until surrounded by a score of Harari cavalry, who struck him fatally to the ground with their spears," according to Pankhurst. Emir Nur had the Emperor's head sent to the country of
Sa'ad ad-Din, then rode off to plunder Ethiopian territory before returning home.
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